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pg_upgrade

pg_upgrade is a server utility for performing a binary upgrade of a PostgreSQL database cluster.

pg_upgrade was added in PostgreSQL 9.0, initially as a contrib module based on pg_migrator.

Change history

• PostgreSQL 13
  • default new bindir is now the same location as the pg_upgrade binary being executed, removing the need to explicitly specify -B newbindir in most cases (commit 959f6d6a)
• PostgreSQL 12
  • --clone option added (commit 3a769d82)
  • --socketdir option added (commit 2d34ad84)
• PostgreSQL 10
  • hash indexes from older PostgreSQL versions will be invalidated and a script generated for recreating them (commit a95410e2)
• PostgreSQL 9.5
  • converted to a server utility (commit 9fa8b0ee)
  • support for PostgreSQL 8.2 and earlier removed (commit 2209b392)
  • support for multiple -o/-O options (commit ebe30ad5)
  • improvements for database collation handling (commit 33755e8e)
• PostgreSQL 9.4
  • -u/--user options renamed to -U/--username for consistency with other utilties (commit 457d6cf0)
  • memory consumption significantly reduced (commit 2a2e40aa)
• PostgreSQL 9.3
  • --jobs option added to enable parallel schema dump/restore of databases, as well as parallel copy/link of data files (commit 6f1b9e4e and commit a89c46f9)
  • improvements to status display (commit 6dd95845)
  • performance improvement for databases with large numbers of tables (commit 29add0de)
  • properly detect the location of non-default socket directories (commit f763b771)
• PostgreSQL 9.2
  • environment variables specific to pg_upgrade renamed to start with PG; PGPORT now ignored and replaced by PGPORTOLD/PGPORTNEW (commit a88f4496)
  • uses port 50432 by default (commit a88f4496)
  • general logging improvements (commit 717f6d60)
  • old cluster will only be locked if link mode used (commit 2127aac6)
  • script to incrementally generate more accurate statistics added (commit faec2815)
  • -g/-G/-l logging options removed (commit 717f6d60)
  • -o/-O options added (commit 0dc3f57b)
  • -r/--retain option added (commit 717f6d60)
  • -v/--verbose behaviour improved (commit 717f6d60)
  • support upgrading clusters without a postgres database (commit a50d860a)
• PostgreSQL 9.0
  • added as a contrib module (commit c2e9b2f2)

Note that an earlier version of pg_upgrade was originally added as a contrib module in PostgreSQL 7.2 (commit 92a8bc96) and removed in PostgreSQL 8.1 (commit d20763db).

Source code

pg_upgrade source code is located at src/bin/pg_upgrade/.

See src/bin/pg_upgrade/IMPLEMENTATION for a technical description of the implementation.

References

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