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GIN (Generalized Inverted Index)

GIN (Generalized Inverted Index) is an index type which supports more complex data types than the usual key/value relationships supported by e.g. btree indexes. Common applications for GIN include indexing array values and full text search.

GIN index support was introduced in PostgreSQL 8.2.

Change history

• PostgreSQL 13
  • avoid full scan of GIN indexes when possible (commit 4b754d6c)
  • GIN indexes can more efficiently handle ! (NOT) clauses in tsquery searches (commit 4b754d6c)
• PostgreSQL 12
  • WAL write overhead of GIN index creation reduced (commit 9155580f)
  • GIN support for @@ and @? jsonpath operators added (commit 0a02e2ae)
• PostgreSQL 11
  • predicate locking added (commit 43d1ed60)
• PostgreSQL 10
  • page locking during vacuum operations reduced (commit 218f5158)
• PostgreSQL 9.6
  • maintenance_work_mem values of more than 1GB can be used for GIN index builds (commit 30bb26b5)
  • pages deleted from a GIN index's pending list to the free space map immediately (commits e9568083 and dc943ad9)
  • function gin_clean_pending_list() added (commit 7f46eaf0)
• PostgreSQL 9.5
  • gin_pending_list_limit configuration parameter added (commit a1b395b6)
  • following functions for inspecting GIN indexes added to pageinspect (commit 3a82bc6f):
    • gin_metapage_info()
    • gin_page_opaque_info()
    • gin_leafpage_items()
• PostgreSQL 9.4
  • index size reduced through compression of GIN posting lists (commit 36a35c55)
  • speed of multi-key lookups improved (commits e20c70cb, 25b1dafa and 626a1206)
  • improved search speed where one item is rare and the other is frequent (commit dbc649fd)
• PostgreSQL 9.3
  • function pgstatginindex() added to pgstattuple (commit 357cbaae)
• PostgreSQL 9.1
  • recognition of duplicate search entries improved (commit 56a57473)
  • support for indexing NULL anrd empty values added (commit 73912e7f)
  • index scan cost estimation improved (commit 48c7d9f6)
• PostgreSQL 9.0
  • use red-black binary trees for index creation (commit 5209c084)
• PostgreSQL 8.4
  • support for partial-match searches added (commit e6dbcb72)
  • index operator lossiness determination pushed down to GIN opclass functions (commit 9b5c8d45)
  • search tree depth limit for GIN bulk-insert operations added (commit e5efda44)
  • "fastupdate" support added (commit ff301d6e)
  • multi-column support added (commit 27cb66fd)
• PostgreSQL 8.3
  • GIN index support added to hstore (commit 754148d8)
  • GIN index support added to pg_trgm (commit 15f91f27)
  • extractQuery() method can signal that nothing can satisfy the query (commit d4c6da15)
• PostgreSQL 8.2
  • added (commit 8a3631f8)

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